Sunday, February 28, 2010

Saturday, February 27, 2010

Tourism in Pakistan

Pakistan is also one of the most visited countries around the world. People from around the world come here for its unique culture, food, music and people who are very caring. It has some of the most attractive mountainous ranges and some of the highest mountain peaks around the world. The major cities of Pakistan which have all the latest amenities of life , with business centers, latest infrastructural facilities and modern lifestyles are Islamabad, Karachi, Peshawar, Lahore, Multan. The earlier inhabitants of Pakistan were stone age people. They were followed by the civilization of Indus Valley. This civilization flourished through 23rd to 18th centuries BC.

Tourism in Pakistan has attractions which range from the ancient civilization such as Mohenjodaro, Harrapa and Taxila to the Himalayan hill stations and people who are interested in field and wintor sports are mostly attracted to it. People who are adventurers and mountaineers from around the world are also attracted since Pakistan is home to several mountain peaks. These mountain peaks are over 7000m high. The northern parts of Pakistan have many old fortresses, towers and other architecture as well. The Hunza and Chitral valleys.

Alexander's battle site is in Punjab which is on the Jhelum River. It is one of the most beautiful attractions as Tourism is Pakistan. Lahore is Pakistan's cultural capital and it has a lot to show about Mughal Architecture. Well as tourist point of view the visited places in Lahore are the Badshahi Masjid, Shalimar Gardens, Tomb of Jehangir and the Lahore Fort. Pakistani Culture is very diverse. What now is Pakistan, has been invaded by different people including Persian, Arabs to Eurasian groups. Pakistani culture is vey unique and moves around ethical and social values. Now due to globalization western culture is being adopted a lot in Pakistan. Pakistani food is another specialty of this country. Tourism in Pakistan, for food Lahore is the best place. Lahori people eat a lot, no limits. The tourism industry in Pakistan is still in a growing process. There are still many travel agencies which provide packages and arranged tours. Tours are very informative here. The packages include Trip to Pakistan and cultural tour of Pakistan. These Packages include tours to Multan, Harappa, Bahawalpur, sukkur, Mohenjo-Daro, Lahore, Karachi, and the capital city of Islamabad. These packages will help tourist understand the various dimensions of Pakistan. These dimensions include the landscape beauty, culture and food. There are some of the most famous hotels which provide the best living atmosphere; they make you feel at home.

These major cities of Pakistan have the very well known hotels around the world. Like holiday Inn, Pearl Continental Hotel and the Lahore country club. Karachi has one the most famous hotels like Sheraton hotel, Hotel Marriot. The Best western hotel in Islamabad is special for executive class and meets all needs of the businessmen. It has rooms with all the audio video amenities incase meetings are not disturbed.

Pakistan tourism is still in growing process and new travel agencies are still working on it.

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Friday, February 26, 2010

Religious Tourism


Image : http://www.flickr.com


VISIT PAKISTAN, DESTINATION 2007 most captivating, one liner of the year, that welcomes tourists around the globe to come and explore what's embedded in the golden folds of this fertile land. Whenever we talk about religious tourism or pilgrimage, the sacred places come to our mind like Mecca (Saudi Arabia), Shrines of Iraq and Iran, Vatican City. Pakistan, the land of saints and monument where renowned Sufi poets left their footprints replete with wisdom and eternal messages, among these sages were Baba Farid (1173-1265), Guru Nanak (1469-1540), Shah Hussain (1539-1599), Sultan Bahoo (1629-1690), Bulleh Shah (1680-1758), Waris Shah (1722-1798), Mian Muhammad (1830-1904), Khawaja Farid (1841-1901). Religious places in Pakistan are Multan (The Land of the Mystics) Sehven Sharif, Pkpatan, Hassan Abdal, Nankana Sahib, Sacha Sauda Taxila, Ghandhara Stupa, Raj Katas, Kallar Kahar.

The main purpose is how to attract tourists towards these destinations, for this we have to take certain steps on large scale. Proper projection plays a vital role in any tourism industry, advertisement through brochures, pamphlets, posters, coffee table books, handicrafts, stamps, T.V program, travelogues and documentaries. Multan is probably the oldest surviving city in South West Asia, with history that reflects the history of the sub-continent. Every invader from Alexander, through the Mughals, right up to the British have fought for the control of the city, situated about one hundred kilometers from Punjnad, where five mighty rivers of Punjab meet.

Here in Multan, are more tombs of saints and Sufis gathered at one place than anywhere else in the world. The city is fraught with towering brick and marble shrines, in particular by its eleventh century Patron Saint 'Shah Rukn-e-Alam' and Hazrat Bahauddin Zikria with many others such as Shah Shams Tabrez. They are not only an object of veneration for the locals, but also for thousands of people who throng in massive numbers to these shrines, searching for spiritual enlightenment, in fact, the galaxy of mosques and mausoleums erected in Multan speak eloquently of the grandeur and sublimity of this great city. Other remarkable sights include the Fort standing majestically above the city and the 18th century Eidgah Mosque.

Lahore (come to see it, come to love it.) a city rich with the imprints of time is today a sprawling metropolis of the Punjab. Set like a verdant jewel in the heart of the province, it pulsates with life. It holds within its bustling bazaars, multi-faceted crowds and bewitching colours. The recorded history of Lahore dates back to 1021 AD when it was conquered by Mahmood Ghaznavi ho made it the capital of Ghaznavi Empire. It was then that Lahore became the center of social, cultural and educational activities and continued to grow in stature, reaching the pinnacle of its glory under the Mughals who gave it its famous architecture, including the royal palaces, tombs and gardens. Lahore owes much to the Mughal princes, for it was here that Shah Jehan made Shalimar garden, Aurangzeb constructed the world famous Badshahi Mosque and it is here that the Emperor Jehangir and his beloved wife Nur Jehan are buried. The massive doors and great vaults of Lahore Fort speak eloquently of the days gone by. Nankana Sahib (Janam Isthan) 39 km southwest of Sheikhupura is an important place of pilgrimage.

There are two main Sikh temples or Gurdwaras here, Ba Lila whre Guru Nanka, the founder of Sikh religion spent his childhood, and Janamasthan, where he is believed to have been born. The latter houses sacred relics belonging to the guru. Thrice a year, on Besakhi (April), death anniversary of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (June) and Birthday of Guru Nanak Dev (November), Sikh Yatries visit these holy places in thousands. Apart from these two main gurdwaras, Nankana Sahib has some other religious attractions like gurdwaras Maulvi Patti Sahib, Tambu Sahib, Kaira Sahib and Nahang Singh Chhauni.

Hassan Abdal ( City of the Guru) 48 km from Rawalpindi is soothing, placid and solace giving place. The town has a particular association with Sikhs owing to Gurdwara known as Panja Sahib having a sacred rock with the handprint of their religious leader, Guru Nanak. Raj Ketas, located between Kallar Kahar and Choa Saidan Shah, was an important Hindu pilgrim center before partition. Ketas means "weeping eyes". Here we find a cluster of deserted temples, shrines, bath-houses and ruined fort surround a pool, sacred to the Hindu god Shiva. As the legend says, when Shiva wept over his wife's death, the tears formed the pool. Hindu Flocks gather here every year in order to get bath in holy water.

Taxila (a scent of the past; a promise for the future) is one of the subcontinent's archaeological treasures and was once an important city of the Gandhara Civilization. The ruins of Taxila, scattered about 30 kms away from Rawalpindi, represents one of the most pivotal archaeological sites in Pakistan. The history of Taxila spans over 1,000 years (around 500 BC to 500 AD), evolving and changing over the centuries as it absorbed the influences of various conquering empires, Taxila had been the site of the best-known university in the subcontinent. Worth seeing places are Bhir Mound (the oldest city of Taxila), Dharmarajika Buddhist Stupa and Monastery etc. Its museum is noted for its magnificent collection of Gandharan Art (a rare blend of Greek and Buddhist art).

Development of these worth seeing places is not only desired but also required. There is dire need for Proper projection and restoration of these sites. Promotion of diverse layers of tourism like business, ecological, heritage, urban, and adventure tourism must be carried out. Enthralling and enchanting locations of Pakistan beckon not only domestic but also foreign tourists to great extent. But the number of international visitors has reduced during last few years, the main reason behind that is the law and order situation. Full security should be provided in order to enhance visitors' ratio. On the other hand government should minimize the number of taxes levied on the hotel/tourism industry.

Guidelines, brochures, and maps should be available easily to create awareness and provide information. An appealing and alluring website must be developed with one window package catering to all their needs such as seeking information regarding to and fro journeys, major hotels, transportation, hotel charges, facilities, etc. Seminars should be conducted on large scale in order to educate people regarding hotel/tourism related institutions. Adventurous, dynamic and energetic program augmented with the flair of expedition and suspense; should be aired, that not only depict scenic beauty and aura but also rouse strong urge to explore, experience and to tread on un trodden ways.

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Thursday, February 25, 2010

Humaira Channa, saraiki, Gadi aa gaee Tashon tay

Saraiki, Humaira Channa, Gadi aa gaee Tashon tay. multan karachi bahawal pur rahim yar khan jhang sialkot roshan bhait lakar wali umaid ali bhait

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Wednesday, February 24, 2010

Sylvester Clarke - West Indies Fast Bowler


Image : http://www.flickr.com


Picture a quickly accelerating run-up that culminates with a contortion of limbs. Within a split second, a red leather ball is hurled at you in excess of 85 miles per hour, typically with unsettling bounce. Facing the late West Indian fast bowler Sylvester Clarke was even worse than that, according to his opponents.

Born on the island of Barbados in December of 1954, Sylvester Clarke started playing First-class cricket relatively late- at the age of 23. Standing at a decent height of 6'2", he was a genuinely fast bowler who combined steep bounce and fearsome pace from a decidedly awkward action. Defections of key players from the West Indies Test team fast-tracked him into Test cricket in 1978.

While Clarke performed well on debut- taking six wickets against Australia- he was unfortunate to play at the time when West Indian fast bowling was at its peak. The return of first-choice West Indian fast bowlers and his decision to play in South Africa limited his Test match appearances to just 11.

Clarke's international career-span was limited to just six years. From 11 Tests, Clarke reaped 42 wickets at a good average of 27.85. He only played ten one-day internationals though. Although his Test returns were good, Clarke is most remembered for an incident in a Test match against Pakistan at Multan in 1980.

Retaliating to being harassed and pelted by Pakistan's supporters when he fielded near the boundary, Clarke tossed a brick- used as a boundary marker- into the crowd. His thoughtless action seriously injured a 22-year old student and is still recounted- decades later. To his credit, Clarke visited the injured student at hospital and apologised for his action.

With an abbreviated international career, Clarke really made his mark playing professionally in South Africa and England. In addition to Barbados and the West Indies, he played for Surrey, Transvaal, Northern Transvaal and Orange Free State. His nine seasons with Surrey in the English County were particularly impressive. He was one of twenty Surrey legends who were honoured by the County in 2005.

In his autobiography, Steve Waugh underscored the threat of Sylvester Clarke- having faced him in an English County game. "Pace and bounce of the kind Clarke could muster is something you can't prepare for. It's an assault both physically and mentally and the moment you weaken and think about what might happen, you're either out or injured..." Waugh reckoned. Many of the 942 first-class wickets that Clarke prised out were likely the result of self-preservation.

Sylvester Clarke died in 1999 at the age of 45, mere weeks after he played a cricket match at club level. Many batsmen would recall facing Clarke at his best on the English County. Although he was tainted by his brick-throwing ability, Sylvester Clarke nevertheless made a significant contribution to cricket.

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Tuesday, February 23, 2010

Peshawar - Pakistan


Image : http://www.flickr.com


Peshawar is the capital of the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. It is situated at the mouth of the strategically important Khyber Pass and is at a height of 347m from the sea level. Peshawar actually means the 'City on the Frontier' in Persian language. It is known as Pakhawar in Pashto.

In ancient times, the city was known as Purushpura in Sanskrit. When the Kushan rulers founded it, this region was known as Gandhar, and Peshawar was one of the most important trading centers on the Silk Route. Peshawar became the eastern capital of the empire of Gandhara, under the Kushan King Kanishka1. During the period of Kanishka1, Peshawar became a center of Buddhist studies and learning and the majority of the people of this city followed Buddhism. After the defeat of the Sikhs, the British occupied and ruled Peshawar from 1849 to 1947. Till the middle of 50s, Peshawar was surrounded by a wall and as many as 16 gates. The most famous gate amongst them was the Kabuli gate.

In the present day, the majority of the people are Muslims or Pashtuns. The majority of the population is Pashtun and the minority comprises of the Peshawaris. Other than this, Hazaras, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Persians and Gypsies form the colourful and cultural milieu that is today identified as Peshawar. This city continues to be the epicentre of the rich Pakhtun heritage and culture and also of Hindko culture.

The best bargains in Peshawar are gold and silver ornaments, carpets, pottery and garments etc. The principal bazaars of Peshawar are The Qissa Khawani Bazaar, Chowk Yaadgar, Andarsheher Bazaar, Khyber Bazaar, Namak Mandi, Bazaar Shah Qabool Qila, Sadar Road etc

In and around Peshawar, there are many places, which are worth visiting. Prominent amongst them are the Peshawar Museum, Bala-Hissar fort, Peshawar University, the Karkhano Market, the largest shopping mall in Pakistan. The Attock fort of the Mughal era and the confluence of the Indus and the Kabul River at Attock, Bara Bridge, made by the Mughal rulers in 1629, the Cunningham Clock Tower constructed in 1900 are the remnants of the colonial past. The clock tower is presently known as the Ghanta Ghar.

The Peshawar International Airport is towards the outskirts of the city. This airport is the fourth largest airport in the country. The airport caters to domestic flights to Chitral, Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore and international flights mostly to the countries in the Gulf.

Peshawar is connected to Quetta, Karachi, Lahore and Rawalpindi by rail.
By road, Peshawar is connected to many cities like Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Faisalabad, Multan, Abbotabad, Lahore etc through bus services.

Peshawar is famous for drinks like the faluda, Kawa and Sharbat e Sandal and food like the Chappal Kabab, tikka and Karai. It is worth mentioning that Peshawar is a Dry City, and alcohol is not easily available.

Star hotels in Peshawar include the Pearl Continental, Greens hotel in Saddar Road is a mid -range Hotel, as is the Khan Klub. While, the Rose Hotel at Khyber Bazaar, Shoba Chowk and the Tourist Inn Motel at Saddar Road are budget hotels.

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Monday, February 22, 2010

Peshawar - Pakistan


Image : http://www.flickr.com


Peshawar is the capital of North West Frontier Province of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Lies at the mouth of the strategic Khyber Pass and is situated at an altitude of 347m above sea level. Peshawar actually means "City of the Frontier" in Persian. It's like Pakhawar known in Pashto.

In ancient times the city was known as Purushpura in Sanskrit. When the Kushan rulers, was founded, this region was knownlike Gandhi and Peshawar was one of the most important commercial centers along the Silk Road. Peshawar, the eastern capital of the kingdom of Gandhara under the Kushan king Kanishka1. During the period of Kanishka1 Peshawar was a center of Buddhist studies and learning, and the majority of people in this city, followed Buddhism. Reception after the defeat of the Sikhs, the British and ruled Peshawar 1849-1947. Until the mid-'50s Peshawar was surrounded by a wall and manyof 16 goals. The most famous of these was the Kabuli Gate Gate.

In this case, the majority of the population is Muslim or Pashtuns. The majority of the Pashtuns and the minority consists Peshawaris. Several of these are Hazaras, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Persians and Gypsies, the colorful and cultural environment that is now identified as Peshawar. This city is still the epicenter of Pakhtun rich heritage and culture and the culture Hindko.

The bestAuctions in Peshawar are gold and silver jewelry, carpets, dishes and clothes, etc. the main bazaar of Peshawar, the Qissa Khawani Bazaar, Chowk Yaadgar, Andarsheher Bazaar, Khyber Bazaar, Namak Mandi, Qila Shah Qabool Bazaar, Sadar Road etc

In and around Peshawar, there are many places worth a visit. Prominent among them the Museum Peshawar, Bala Hissar Fort, Peshawar University, the market Karkh, the largest shopping center in Pakistan. Attock Fortthe Mughal period and the confluence of the Indus River and Kabul River, Attock, Bara Bridge built by Mughal rulers in 1629, the Cunningham Clock Tower built in 1900, remnants of the colonial past. The clock tower is now known as Ghanta Ghar.

Peshawar International Airport is located on the outskirts of the city. This airport is the fourth largest airport in the country. The airport offers domestic flights to Chitral, Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore andespecially international flights to the countries of the Gulf region.

Peshawar is connected to Quetta, Karachi, Lahore and Rawalpindi by train.
Peshawar drive is connected to many cities like Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Faisalabad, Multan, Abbotabad, Lahore etc by bus.

Peshawar is famous for drinks such as Faludi, kava and e Sharbat sandal chappals and foods as Kabab, Tikka, and Kara. It is worth noting that a Peshawar City is dry, and alcohol is not easyavailable.

Star hotel in Peshawar, the Pearl Continental Hotel in Green Saddar Road is a mid-level hotels, like the Khan Klub. Although the hotel Rose Khyber Bazaar, Shoba Chowk and the Tourist Inn Motel in Saddar Road, budget hotels.

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Sunday, February 21, 2010

Peshawar - Pakistan

Peshawar is the capital of the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas. It is situated at the mouth of the strategically important Khyber Pass and is at a height of 347m from the sea level. Peshawar actually means the 'City on the Frontier' in Persian language. It is known as Pakhawar in Pashto.

In ancient times, the city was known as Purushpura in Sanskrit. When the Kushan rulers founded it, this region was known as Gandhar, and Peshawar was one of the most important trading centers on the Silk Route. Peshawar became the eastern capital of the empire of Gandhara, under the Kushan King Kanishka1. During the period of Kanishka1, Peshawar became a center of Buddhist studies and learning and the majority of the people of this city followed Buddhism. After the defeat of the Sikhs, the British occupied and ruled Peshawar from 1849 to 1947. Till the middle of 50s, Peshawar was surrounded by a wall and as many as 16 gates. The most famous gate amongst them was the Kabuli gate.

In the present day, the majority of the people are Muslims or Pashtuns. The majority of the population is Pashtun and the minority comprises of the Peshawaris. Other than this, Hazaras, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Persians and Gypsies form the colourful and cultural milieu that is today identified as Peshawar. This city continues to be the epicentre of the rich Pakhtun heritage and culture and also of Hindko culture.

The best bargains in Peshawar are gold and silver ornaments, carpets, pottery and garments etc. The principal bazaars of Peshawar are The Qissa Khawani Bazaar, Chowk Yaadgar, Andarsheher Bazaar, Khyber Bazaar, Namak Mandi, Bazaar Shah Qabool Qila, Sadar Road etc

In and around Peshawar, there are many places, which are worth visiting. Prominent amongst them are the Peshawar Museum, Bala-Hissar fort, Peshawar University, the Karkhano Market, the largest shopping mall in Pakistan. The Attock fort of the Mughal era and the confluence of the Indus and the Kabul River at Attock, Bara Bridge, made by the Mughal rulers in 1629, the Cunningham Clock Tower constructed in 1900 are the remnants of the colonial past. The clock tower is presently known as the Ghanta Ghar.

The Peshawar International Airport is towards the outskirts of the city. This airport is the fourth largest airport in the country. The airport caters to domestic flights to Chitral, Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore and international flights mostly to the countries in the Gulf.

Peshawar is connected to Quetta, Karachi, Lahore and Rawalpindi by rail.
By road, Peshawar is connected to many cities like Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Faisalabad, Multan, Abbotabad, Lahore etc through bus services.

Peshawar is famous for drinks like the faluda, Kawa and Sharbat e Sandal and food like the Chappal Kabab, tikka and Karai. It is worth mentioning that Peshawar is a Dry City, and alcohol is not easily available.

Star hotels in Peshawar include the Pearl Continental, Greens hotel in Saddar Road is a mid -range Hotel, as is the Khan Klub. While, the Rose Hotel at Khyber Bazaar, Shoba Chowk and the Tourist Inn Motel at Saddar Road are budget hotels.

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Saturday, February 20, 2010

Friday, February 19, 2010

fishin in Pakistan (MULTAN) from Hakeem Ziaulhaq Ghouri

beautiful scene my friend Saleem Rohu Fishing Champion Multan Mirza took a 3kg.it Dambra December 2008 is a very cold dambras Saleem day.mirza Evaluation 5 is a place day.fishing DG KHAN (Piala). plz ur had to respond.

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Thursday, February 18, 2010

Wednesday, February 17, 2010

Maulana Tariq Jameel - Badkirdar Muaashra Part 8 of 10

Part 8 of 10: Bayan of Maulana Tariq Jameel in Shujabad, Markaz Multan (Pakistan), 18-02-09. Title: Badkirdar Muaashra. Bayan on Rasulallah see Allah SWT THE FULL PLAYLIST IN the following link: www.youtube.com A very inspiring Bayan / lesson / talk by Maulana / Molana / Ling Tariq Jameel / Jamil (Faisalabad, Pakistan). A wake-up call for all Muslims to change our habits and turn to Allah, Allah SWT bless him Maulana Tariq Jameel for his efforts and may Allah rest of us hadayaand the ability to act, in what has been said Maulana in his bayan. Ameen. Please rate and comment. Jazakallah

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Tuesday, February 16, 2010

Mango harvest washing and packing FFS Chah Ladhu Wala Mouza Saleh Mahey (2 / 3)

Fruit & Vegetable Development Project (DIU) Multan

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Don't Tell My Mother That I am in Pakistan Saira Khan Part 6

Don't Tell My Mother That I am in Pakistan Alternative Part National Geographic documentry about cities of pakistani karachi lahore islamabad multan hunza kashmir and others Host sara khan Diego Don't Tell My Mother That I am in Pakistan Alternative Parts National Geographic documentry about cities of pakistani karachi lahore islamabad multan hunza kashmir and others Host sara khan Diego bunuel and atta yaqub, Journey documentry movie clips of great cities of pakistan, Pakistan indian documentries in cnn bbc national geographic geo arydigital ptv Mazar sherif shewan sherif lal shehbaz qalander huza muree kaghan sawat malakand muree hyderabad all pakistani media indian media mumbai culcatta newdelhi bombay star plus awza fm and lots of other things The Economist called Pakistan "the worlds most beautiful place." And so Diego Bu?uel had to head over there to see for himself. In his show "Dont Tell My Mother," Diego travelled for a month across Pakistan. And after some 2000 kilometers, he discovered an incredibly diverse and surprising land, where stereotypes and assumptions about religion and pakistanis came crashing down one after another. Get ready to see Pakistan like youve never imagined it before Indian and Pakistani must watch these videos 14 august 2009 Pakistan zindabad tera pakistan hai sanu eik pal chan na aye , edhi foundation bilquies edhi fashion show begum nawazish ali clifton models karachi streets gays prostitutes serceat about karachi pakistan and lots of other things must watch Category: People & Blogs

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Monday, February 15, 2010

AK47 in gun shop Multan Pakistan in 2006

We went to a gun shop in Multan, in Pakistan for a look around.

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Tuesday, February 9, 2010

Bladder Cancer Risks Of Smokeless Tobacco

Ever think about the dangers of smokeless tobacco? If you use smokeless tobacco your first thoughts are probably the chance of contracting lip, tongue, throat and stomach cancer. These are certainly cancers that have been proven to develop from smokeless tobacco use.

Many people are not aware that smokeless tobacco has a more far ranging effect on the human body than those diseases mentioned above. It has been shown that smokeless tobacco can increase greatly the chances of developing bladder cancer. What is frightening is that so many people now using and those who will soon begin to use smokeless tobacco have no idea of the serious effects this substance can bring down upon unsuspecting users.

Carcinogins found in tobacco have been shown to increase the risk of bladder cancer by up to 400% in users vs. those who do not use. Even more frightening this risk factor remains for years even after the user quits tobacco completely. Scary thought, huh?

What educators in the tobacco cessation arena need to be aware of is finding a way to get across the truth that just because smokeless tobacco is smokeless it isn't harmless. Smokeless tobacco doesn't just stay in the oral cavity. It gets swallowed into the stomach and it gets into your esophagus and bladder.

I would like to add an interesting paragraph from a study called: Clinico-pathological features of bladder carcinoma in women in Pakistan and smokeless tobacco as a possible risk factor
Muhammad Rafique1
1Department of Urology, Nishtar Medical College, Multan, Pakistan
Corresponding author.
Muhammad Rafique: rafiqanju/at/hotmail.com
Received April 12, 2005; Accepted August 5, 2005.

."Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common bladder malignancy in women in Pakistan. Most women with bladder carcinoma have long history of use of smokeless tobacco. At the time of diagnosis 75% women have muscle invasive bladder carcinoma. In women using smokeless tobacco, there is significant correlation between stage of bladder carcinoma and duration of smokeless tobacco use. Further studies are required to clarify the role of smokeless tobacco in the development of bladder carcinoma."

Does chewing and dipping cause bladder cancer? We have seen a lot of evidence that points to a correlation of bladder cancer and tobacco use. There remains a lot of research left to do before the final verdict is in. In my humble opinion, the information that I have studied in preparation to write this short, general article has convinced me that the possibility that it does cause bladder cancer far outweighs any scientific information stating that it doesn't.

When it comes right down to it, knowing all of the things that the use of smokeless tobacco certainly does makes the use of it illogical. When we add the fact that there is much sound evidence that smokeless tobacco can affect the body to the degree of producing bladder cancer, it just makes good sense:

1) If you don't chew, dip or smoke - don't.

2) If you do use tobacco in any form - seriously consider finding a good cessation program and quit.

If you want detailed information of the dangers of smokeless tobacco please use the following link to read a FREE eBook entitled, "Stop Using Smokeless Tobacco Now!" [http://www.stopsmokeless.com/freebook.php]

Life is full of choices. Choices require decisions. What decision will you make?

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Monday, February 8, 2010

Pakistan-Iran-India Gas Pipeline Project

Since the discovery of natural gas reserves in Iran's South Pars fields in 1988,the Iranian government began increasing efforts to promote higher gas export abroad. Iran and India signed an agreement for an overland natural gas pipeline in 1993. In 1995, Pakistan and Iran signed a Preliminary agreement for construction of a natural gas pipeline linking the Iranian South Pars natural gas field with Karachi. Iran later proposed an extension of the pipeline from Pakistan to India. The exportation of natural gas from Iran to India through Pakistan is a venture, which may change the face of regional politics in South Asia. This kind of trade between Iran, India and Pakistan challenges the geopolitical, historical and strategic realities of the three countries and the general regions of Mideast-and Asia. In this way, the relationship between the pipeline venture and globalization is multidisciplinary. It is not characterized solely by economic factors, even though the current economic realities in Iran, India and Pakistan do foreshadow the future necessity of economic collaboration.

Holding approximately 9 percent of the world's total reserves, Iran is OPEC's second largest producer of oil. Along with oil reserves, Iran contains the world's second largest natural gas proven reserves at an estimated 812 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) that is 15 percent of the total world's reserves. While Pakistan has 21.6 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) and India 22.9 Tcf gas reserves. Iran is keen to exploit this source as a source of revenue. One of the biggest potential customers so far is India, and negotiations for a pipeline stretching across Pakistan have been going on since the mid-1990 s. After meeting with Iranian president Mohammad Khatami in New York in September 2000, General Parvez Musharraf expressed Pakistan's willingness to participate in the pipeline venture and promoted the idea as an example of regional cooperation, and in 2002 Iran and Pakistan signed an agreement on a feasibility study for a such pipeline project.

India produces 90 million standard cubic meters per day (mcmd), his demand is 150 mcmd, and after the installation of the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline, India would get further 60mcmd through it. According to the Energy Information Administration, natural gas use in India was nearly 25 billion cubic meters in 2002 and is to reach 34 billion cubic meters in 2010.

The gas pipeline main route starting from Asaluyeh near the Iranian South Pars fields and travels to Pakistan through Khuzdar, with one section of it going on to Karachi and the main section traveling on to Multan. From Multan, the pipeline travels to Delhi, where it ends. It would be 2670 km long with a 48- inch diameter, but origin of it will be Turkmenistan's Dualtabad fields the world's forth largest gas reserves. It is expected to cost $ 4.1 billion and take three years to build. The pipeline will carry up to 30 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year. 760 kilometers of its length will pass through Pakistani territory, so a cash starved Pakistan is expected to earn nearly $600-700 million a year in royalties from a transit fee and save $200 million by purchasing cheaper gas from this pipeline project. While India coudd save about $300 million a year by importing the piped natural gas instead of more costly liquefied gas. Pakistan is also hoping to use the same pipeline for importing gas for its own purpose. Pakistan and India will need 200 million standard cubic meters of gas daily, through this link.

India's burgeoning industry is desperately looking for natural gas, the cleanest and cheapest fuel. The main environmental benefit of using natural gas is that in switching from high-carbon coal to low- carbon natural gas, the output of carbon dioxide is reduced. This in effect contributes to reducing the effect of global warming since carbon dioxide is a major source of global warming.

India has expressed concerns over security matters. Pakistani government has approved the pipeline project and offered high security for a continuous flow of gas. Pakistan has guaranteed to Iran and India that security of the pipeline remains of topmost concern and will be ensured. Here is an example of the Soviet gas pipelines that fed Western Europe through Eastern Europe even during the Cold War. And, it is a fact that the project is beneficial for Pakistan also.

Due to these kind of reasons the previous Indian government of Vajpayee even considered laying the pipeline under the sea to avoid Pakistani territory, however that plan would cost three times more.

The pipeline would be traveling from Iran to Karachi and then Multan, which is an urban city located in the heart of the Punjab. The land between the southwestern Pakistani-Iranian border and Multan is predominantly a desert and dry area populated by tribal communities living in villages. It is proposed that the pipeline will be opened for domestic use in Multan. However, the fact that it travels through remote rural areas where renewable energy is in demand, prospects for extending the pipeline into a domestic network providing natural gas to village population exists.

The construction of such a lengthy pipeline will employ large amounts of local labor. This will provide temporary employment for many of Pakistani rural poor; it may also interfere with domestic labor dynamics. While physical construction of the pipeline will require large amounts of unskilled labor, other technical aspects of pipeline implementation will require skilled and educated workers with backgrounds in science and technology.

The President of Pakistan, General Parvez Musharraf has expressed support for the $ 4.1 billion project, during his Indian visit in April, this year. He says energy link is in the interest of all three countries and they benefit from it and we should go for our national interests. Similarly, when Pakistani Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz made his first visit to India, talks were not limited to politics. Mr. Aziz revived an eight- year- old project to build a $ 4.1 billion pipeline project.

Both India and Pakistan must reevaluate their positions on the Iran-Pakistan-India pipeline project. They must view the project as the emergence of an economic globalization by which regional cooperation could save them from common future crisis. For other governments, trade between India and Pakistan may lead to also participate in greater regional trade. An agreement between Iran-Pakistan-India on the pipeline project will be consider historical because it also directly impacts the regional conflicts. Economic collaboration indirectly sows the seeds for a shift in regional politics and perspective. The project forces the three countries to reconsider their political discourse and interdepedence. Improved trade relations are viewed, as methods to ameliorate communication gaps or differences in regional conflicts. For Pakistan the pipeline project is an extremely good idea. In relation to the Iran-Pakistan-India pipeline, these issues are highly significant.The Pakistani final decision on this project will directly impact the political and social discourse, foreign policy decisions, security concerns, and regional disputes like Afghanistan, Kashmir and sectarian violence.

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